The Inner Ring
Size: 1,300,000 Earths
Equatorial Radius: 695,000 km
Rotational period (days): 25 (equator) – 36 (poles)
Minimum Surface Temperature: 5250 degree K
Maximum Surface Temperature: 5500 to 6000 degree K
Age (Billions of Years): 4.5 billion years ago
Composition: Hydrogen (92.1%), Helium (7.8%)
Description
For many, the center of our world is the Earth, but those with perspective know that it is the Sun. This ball of fusion reactions is the campfire all life on Earth huddles around. Beyond it are the shadows of the unknown.
The Sun makes up 98% of the mass of our solar system. Solar energy is created deep within its core, where the temperature (15,000,000° C; 27,000,000° F) and pressure (340 billion times Earth’s air pressure at sea level) is so intense that hydrogen atoms fuse together to form helium. This atom is about .7 percent less massive than the two hydrogens, and the difference in mass is expelled as energy and carried to the Sun’s surface. Energy generated in the Sun’s core takes a million years to reach its surface.
The Sun appears to have been active for 4.6 billion years and has enough fuel to run for another five billion years or so. At the end of its life, the Sun will start to fuse helium atoms into heavier elements and swell up, ultimately growing so large it will swallow the Earth. After a billion years as a red giant, it will suddenly collapse into a white dwarf — the final end product of a star like ours, and may take a trillion years to cool off completely.